Acute nephritic syndrome is a group of disorders characterized by inflammation of the glomeruli and internal structures of the kidneys. This syndrome occurs in rare cases in developed countries, although improved hygiene and sanitation have decreased the incidence of post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. In addition to these symptoms, acute nephritic syndrome can lead to arterial hypertension, proteinuria, and increased risk of infection.
The causes of nephritic disease are varied. There are many different causes of nephritic disease, including diabetes, systemic lupus erythematosus, and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Acute GN is often associated with high blood pressure due to sodium retention, which leads to fluid overload and suppression of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.
Children with nephritic syndrome may not get their recommended vaccinations or their recommended yearly flu shots. While they may still get pneumonia, they are not at risk for death from live vaccines. They may be able to receive vaccines for diseases they may not be exposed to. If they have an underlying medical condition, their health care provider may recommend a yearly flu shot and pneumococcal vaccine. However, a health care provider may suggest delaying “live” vaccines, which use weakened virus.
Among the many causes of nephritic disease, two are particularly noteworthy: anti-GBM antibodies and chemotherapy. Both causes cause kidney damage and necrosis. Although this syndrome is a rare type of glomerulonephritis, it is part of the spectrum of severity of glomerulonephritis. In addition to this, patients with acute nephritis may show signs of nephritic syndrome, including haematuria and renal impairment.